Trüeb M
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-9069, USA.
Hautarzt. 1995 Apr;46(4):225-7. doi: 10.1007/s001050050244.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large region of highly polymorphic genes. MHC-encoded molecules bind foreign-protein antigens and form complexes that are recognized by antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Interactions between MHC-peptide complexes and T-cell receptors play a central role in the selection of the T-cell repertoire and in the elicitation of an immune response. The majority of disease associations with the MHC have been with class-II molecules. Despite the awareness of such associations, the pathophysiological role of MHC class-II molecules in conferring susceptibility to autoimmune disease is poorly understood. The recent demonstration that human class-II molecules can function as antigen-presenting molecules in vivo in a transgenic murine system paves the way to investigate the role of HLA class II molecules in regulating immune responses and disease susceptibility. These mice should be useful for studying the mechanisms by which particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are associated with specific human-autoimmune diseases.
主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）是一个包含高度多态性基因的大区域。MHC编码的分子结合外来蛋白质抗原并形成复合物，这些复合物被抗原特异性T淋巴细胞识别。MHC肽复合物与T细胞受体之间的相互作用在T细胞库的选择和免疫反应的引发中起着核心作用。大多数与MHC相关的疾病都与II类分子有关。尽管人们已经认识到这种关联，但MHC II类分子在赋予自身免疫性疾病易感性方面的病理生理作用仍知之甚少。最近在转基因小鼠系统中证明人类II类分子在体内可作为抗原呈递分子，为研究HLA II类分子在调节免疫反应和疾病易感性中的作用铺平了道路。这些小鼠对于研究特定人类白细胞抗原（HLA）等位基因与特定人类自身免疫性疾病相关的机制应该是有用的。
