Hammerer P, Huland H
Urologischen Universitätsklinik Hamburg.
Versicherungsmedizin. 1995 Jun 1;47(3):83-6.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) appears to be useful in the early detection of prostate cancer when used in conjunction with digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Recent studies suggest that the addition of PSA to the routine digital rectal examination leads to detection of prostate cancer at an earlier stage than when digital rectal examination is used alone. In patients with elevated PSA or abnormal DRE prostate biopsies are recommended. However, the routine use of PSA to detect early prostate cancer is limited due to the PSA elevation in patients with prostatic hyperplasia. Possibilities to distinguish BPH from prostate cancer among men who have minimal PSA elevation (4.0 to 10.0 ng/ml) are the use of PSA velocity, PSA density, age adjusted PSA, and analysis of free and complexed PSA. Screening programs for prostate cancer will increase the percentage of localized prostate cancer, which can be cured by radical prostatectomy.
前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）与直肠指检（DRE）及经直肠超声检查（TRUS）联合使用时，似乎对前列腺癌的早期检测有用。近期研究表明，在常规直肠指检中加入PSA，相较于单独使用直肠指检，能在更早阶段检测出前列腺癌。对于PSA升高或DRE异常的患者，建议进行前列腺活检。然而，由于前列腺增生患者中PSA也会升高，因此PSA用于早期前列腺癌检测的常规应用受到限制。在PSA轻度升高（4.0至10.0 ng/ml）的男性中，区分良性前列腺增生（BPH）与前列腺癌的方法包括使用PSA速率、PSA密度、年龄校正PSA以及游离和复合PSA分析。前列腺癌筛查项目将增加局限性前列腺癌的比例，而局限性前列腺癌可通过根治性前列腺切除术治愈。
