Intracellular calcium as a second messenger following growth stimulation of human keratinocytes.

The mitogenic effect of the neuropeptide substance P and bombesin was investigated in normal human keratinocytes in serum-free culture, both with and without the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Although both neuropeptides induced a small increase in cell numbers in the presence of EGF, the response was much greater in its absence, and cell numbers increased to 200% of controls at 5 days. Changes in intracellular free calcium are frequently seen following mitogenic stimulation of cells, and this phenomenon was studied in individual keratinocytes. Epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml) induced calcium transients in 57% (n = 21) of cells. The mean intracellular free calcium was 97 +/- 11 nM (mean +/- SEM) in quiescent cells, and the calcium transients reached approximately 250 nM for 3-4 min. In the presence of EGF, calcium transients were never observed with the addition of either substance P or bombesin. For EGF-deprived cultures, 20% of keratinocytes (n = 10) showed a large calcium transient following the addition of 500 nM bombesin, and 63% (n = 12) of cells gave calcium transients following the addition of 700 nM of substance P. Studies in calcium-free medium, and following depletion of intracellular calcium stores with thapsigargin, showed that all of the calcium transients were dependent on the presence of intracellular stores, but also partially mediated by an influx of extracellular calcium. These studies demonstrate the mitogenic effect of substance P and bombesin on human keratinocytes in the absence of EGF. The ability of the neuropeptides to increase keratinocyte growth in culture suggests a possible in wound healing.