Jay R
Ostomy Wound Manage. 1995 Sep;41(8):36-8, 40-2, 44-5.
Many support surfaces are available, each with advantages and disadvantages, that claim to relieve or reduce the external forces contributing to the development of pressure ulcers. This article describes pressure and shear, and what a patient support surface must do to relieve those forces. Pressure is the vertical force of the weight of the patient's body on the surface. Shear is a horizontal force that causes the bony prominence to move across the tissue as the skin is held in place, and results from patient movement, nurse movement of the patient, and bed movement. There are seven basic requirements a support surface must meet in order to prevent pressure and shear: The surface must (1) conform to bony prominences without resistance, (2) not have significant memory, (3) allow patient immersion, (4) not bottom out, (5) relieve shear caused by patient movement, (6) prevent skin maceration, and (7) provide patient comfort. Six types of support surfaces are listed along with a summary of each surface's theoretical ability to deal with the forces described in this article. Understanding the physical forces that contribute to pressure ulcers, and each support surface's theoretical ability to relieve these forces, should make it easier to choose an appropriate support surface for each patient.
有许多支撑面可供选择，每种都有其优缺点，它们都声称能减轻或减少导致压疮形成的外力。本文描述了压力和剪切力，以及患者支撑面为减轻这些力必须具备的功能。压力是患者身体重量作用于支撑面上的垂直力。剪切力是一种水平力，当皮肤固定不动时，会导致骨突在组织上移动，它是由患者移动、护士移动患者以及病床移动引起的。支撑面要防止压力和剪切力必须满足七个基本要求：支撑面必须（1）无阻力地贴合骨突；（2）没有明显的记忆性；（3）允许患者下沉；（4）不会触底；（5）减轻患者移动引起的剪切力；（6）防止皮肤浸渍；（7）让患者感到舒适。列出了六种支撑面类型，并总结了每种支撑面对本文所述力的理论应对能力。了解导致压疮的物理力以及每种支撑面减轻这些力的理论能力，应该会使为每位患者选择合适的支撑面变得更容易。
