Figueroa J P, Brathwaite A, Ward E, DuCasse M, Tscharf I, Nembhard O, Williams E
Ministry of Health, Epidemiology Unit, Kingston, Jamaica.
AIDS. 1995 Jul;9(7):761-8. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199507000-00014.
To describe the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Jamaica.
Data from the national surveillance system for HIV infection and AIDS based in the Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, were reviewed. These include case reports; HIV screening of blood donors, migrant farmworkers and US visa applicants; sentinel surveillance among antenatal clinic (ANC) attenders and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attenders; and various serosurveys.
A total of 669 AIDS cases were reported in Jamaica from December 1993 representing a cumulative AIDS case rate of 28 per 100,000 population. Since 1987 the annual AIDS case rate doubled every 2 years with 69% of individuals having died with AIDS. Heterosexual transmission predominates with the cumulative adult AIDS male-to-female case ratio declining from 2.8:1 in 1988 to 1.9:1 in 1993. A total of 55 children with AIDS account for 8.2% of all cases. The HIV infection rate per 1000 in 1993 was 3.8 among blood donors, 1.4 among ANC attenders and significantly higher among STD clinic attenders (men 6%, women 2.7%), homosexuals (9.6%), female prostitutes (12%) and individuals with repeat STD infections (10%). Consistent condom use increased from 27% in 1989 to 47% in 1993.
HIV infection was introduced into Jamaica from abroad through several different routes including the Jamaican homosexual community, migrant farmworkers, female prostitutes, and informal commercial importers. HIV transmission is well established locally and is spreading more rapidly in Western Jamaica and along the North Coast, which may reflect increased sexual activity associated with tourism. Although awareness of AIDS and HIV is high and condom use has increased considerably, there are no grounds for complacency concerning the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Jamaica.
描述牙买加的艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情。
对卫生部流行病学股的全国艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病监测系统的数据进行了审查。这些数据包括病例报告；对献血者、流动农场工人和美国签证申请人的艾滋病毒筛查；产前诊所（ANC）就诊者和性传播疾病（STD）诊所就诊者的哨点监测；以及各种血清学调查。
1993年12月至报告时，牙买加共报告了669例艾滋病病例，累计艾滋病病例率为每10万人28例。自1987年以来，艾滋病年病例率每两年翻一番，69%的患者死于艾滋病。异性传播占主导地位，成年艾滋病患者中男女累计病例比从1988年的2.8:1降至1993年的1.9:1。共有55名儿童患艾滋病，占所有病例的8.2%。1993年，每1000名献血者中的艾滋病毒感染率为3.8%，产前诊所就诊者中为1.4%，性传播疾病诊所就诊者（男性6%，女性2.7%）、同性恋者（9.6%）、女性妓女（12%）和反复感染性传播疾病的个体（10%）中的感染率明显更高。持续使用避孕套的比例从1989年的27%上升到1993年的47%。
艾滋病毒感染通过几种不同途径从国外传入牙买加，包括牙买加同性恋群体、流动农场工人、女性妓女和非正规商业进口商。艾滋病毒在当地已广泛传播，在牙买加西部和北海岸传播更快，这可能反映了与旅游业相关的性活动增加。尽管对艾滋病和艾滋病毒的认识很高，避孕套的使用也有了显著增加，但牙买加在艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情方面仍不能自满。
