Romita Azzali G
Ateneo Parmense Acta Biomed. 1978;49(5-6):431-58.
The retina of Chiroptera, studied during the various seasons of the year, appears well developed, and provided with morphological and structural characters very near to the humans and other mammalians. The retina of Chiroptera it is composed of five layers: 1) it is composed exclusively by rods: his morphological behaviour has been yet described in other night life birds and mammalians (e.g. mice and guinea pigs (Hollenberg e Bernstein), 2) plexiform layer, composed by rod's prolongations and by bipolar cells that there form conventional synapsis and mainly ribbon synapsis, 3) horizontal and amacrine bipolar cells and the middle portion of Müller's cells, 4) inner plexiform layer with conventional type synapsis, 5) layer of the ganglionar cells and of the enlarged prolongations of the inner portion of Müller's cell. The prolongations are separated from the vitreous body by basement membrane. After a detailed description of the elements constituent the different retina's layer, the Author asserts that remarkable qualitative, quantitative and season variations were not found. The inner granular layer as well as the middle part of the Müller's cells, is composed by three different types of cells: horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, which have all the characters of a typical nervous cell. Granules found in pigmented cells how a structural range of variations linked more with the different stages of maturation than with the variety of species investigated. Citoplasmatic polarity of the granules and mytochondria concentration were not noticed as, on the contrary, in other mammalians. The Author emphasizes pynocitosis phenomena both a level of the inner and outer surface of pigmented cells, and at the level of the most outer prolongations of Müller's cell: those cytologic aspects seem to witness a possible transfer of liquids, salts and metabolites from capillaries of the choroid to photoreceptors. Moreover the total absense of blood capillaries in all five layers of the retina is emphasized.he
在一年中的不同季节对翼手目的视网膜进行研究，发现其发育良好，具有与人类和其他哺乳动物非常接近的形态和结构特征。翼手目的视网膜由五层组成：1）完全由视杆细胞组成：其形态学行为已在其他夜行性鸟类和哺乳动物（如小鼠和豚鼠（霍伦伯格和伯恩斯坦））中有所描述；2）神经纤维层，由视杆细胞的延长部分和双极细胞组成，它们在此形成常规突触和主要的带状突触；3）水平和无长突双极细胞以及米勒细胞的中间部分；4）具有常规类型突触的内神经纤维层；5）神经节细胞层和米勒细胞内部扩大的延长部分。这些延长部分通过基底膜与玻璃体分离。在详细描述了构成视网膜不同层的元素后，作者断言未发现明显的质量、数量和季节变化。内颗粒层以及米勒细胞的中间部分由三种不同类型的细胞组成：水平细胞、无长突细胞、双极细胞，它们都具有典型神经细胞的特征。在色素细胞中发现的颗粒呈现出一系列结构变化，这些变化更多地与成熟的不同阶段相关，而不是与所研究物种的多样性相关。与其他哺乳动物相反，未观察到颗粒的细胞质极性和线粒体浓度。作者强调了色素细胞内表面和外表面以及米勒细胞最外层延长部分的核固缩现象：这些细胞学方面似乎证明了液体、盐和代谢物可能从脉络膜毛细血管转移到光感受器。此外，还强调了视网膜所有五层中完全没有毛细血管。
