Mnzava A E, Rwegoshora R T, Wilkes T J, Tanner M, Curtis C F
National Institute for Medical Research, Ubwari Field Station, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania.
Med Vet Entomol. 1995 Jul;9(3):316-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00140.x.
Differential responses of the mosquitoes Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae sensu stricto to house-spraying with DDT or lambda-cyhalothrin were evaluated in relation to chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and resting behaviour of these malaria vectors in Tanzania. Blood-fed mosquitoes from pit traps outdoors, exit traps on windows and indoor-resting catches were identified cytogenetically and the chromosomal inversion frequencies compared between samples and species. Their outdoor-resting behaviour was assessed by a mark-release-recapture experiment and by determining the proportion of freshly blood-fed individuals in exit traps. The source of bloodmeals was analysed by an ELISA method. Endophagic females of An. arabiensis were more likely than those of An.gambiae to exit from a house on the night of blood-feeding. Only in one out of three villages was there evidence that chromosomally distinct individuals within a species had different preferences for resting sites. There were indications, but not conclusive evidence, that mosquitoes caught indoors or outdoors had a tendency to return to the same type of resting site. In villages sprayed with either insecticide, the mean age of the vector populations was greatly reduced, compared with those in the unsprayed villages. An.arabiensis females exited from DDT sprayed houses after blood-feeding, whereas with lambda-cyhalothrin those exiting were mostly unfed and there was a decline in the human blood index. The excitorepellency of DDT was perceived as a disadvantage, whereas lambda-cyhalothrin apparently had more impact on malaria transmission by An.arabiensis.
结合坦桑尼亚这些疟疾传播媒介的染色体倒位多态性、摄食和栖息行为，评估了阿拉伯按蚊和冈比亚按蚊（严格意义上的）对用滴滴涕或氯氟氰菊酯进行室内喷洒的不同反应。对户外诱蚊灯诱捕、窗户出口诱捕和室内栖息捕获的血餐蚊子进行细胞遗传学鉴定，并比较样本和物种之间的染色体倒位频率。通过标记释放再捕获实验以及确定出口诱捕器中刚吸食过血液个体的比例，评估它们的户外栖息行为。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法分析血餐来源。阿拉伯按蚊的嗜内性雌蚊比冈比亚按蚊的嗜内性雌蚊更有可能在吸血当晚从房屋中飞出。在三个村庄中只有一个有证据表明，同一物种内染色体不同的个体对栖息地点有不同偏好。有迹象表明，在室内或室外捕获的蚊子有回到同一类型栖息地点的趋势，但证据并不确凿。与未喷洒杀虫剂的村庄相比，在喷洒了任何一种杀虫剂的村庄中，媒介种群的平均年龄都大大降低。阿拉伯按蚊的雌蚊在吸食血液后从喷洒了滴滴涕的房屋中飞出，而对于氯氟氰菊酯，飞出的大多是未吸血的，且人类血液指数有所下降。滴滴涕的刺激驱避性被认为是一个不利因素，而氯氟氰菊酯显然对阿拉伯按蚊的疟疾传播有更大影响。
