Ybema J F, Buunk B P
Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Br J Soc Psychol. 1995 Sep;34 ( Pt 3):279-92. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01064.x.
The present study examined the effects of social comparison among 112 individuals receiving payments under the Disablement Insurance Act. A part of a fictitious interview with another disabled person was presented to the subjects. This interview contained upward or downward social comparison information about either the problem severity or coping success of a target. In line with the predictions, the results indicated that upward comparison generated more positive affect than downward comparison only for subjects high in perceived control. Downward comparison generated more negative affect than upward comparison, regardless of perceived control. The nature of the comparison dimension (problem severity versus coping success) did not result in differences in positive or negative affect. Furthermore, subjects high in control identified more strongly with the upward target than with the downward target, especially when the comparison dimension was coping success. Some evidence was found that the effect of perceived control on the positive affective consequences of upward comparison was mediated by identification with the upward target.
本研究考察了112名根据《伤残保险法》领取补助金的个体之间社会比较的影响。向受试者展示了与另一名残疾人进行的虚构访谈的一部分内容。该访谈包含了关于目标对象问题严重程度或应对成功情况的向上或向下社会比较信息。与预测一致，结果表明，只有在感知控制水平较高的受试者中，向上比较比向下比较产生更多积极情绪。无论感知控制水平如何，向下比较比向上比较产生更多消极情绪。比较维度的性质（问题严重程度与应对成功情况）并未导致积极或消极情绪上的差异。此外，控制水平较高的受试者对向上目标的认同感比对向下目标更强，尤其是当比较维度是应对成功情况时。有证据表明，感知控制对向上比较的积极情感后果的影响是通过对向上目标的认同感来介导的。
