Luckensmeyer G B, Keast J R
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
Cell Tissue Res. 1995 Sep;281(3):551-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00417873.
The pelvic ganglia are mixed ganglia containing both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons that receive spinal input via the hypogastric (lumbar cord) and pelvic nerves (sacral cord), respectively. A recent study has utilised immunohistochemistry against synaptophysin (a protein associated with small vesicles) to visualise the preganglionic terminals in these ganglia. By selectively cutting the hypogastric or pelvic nerves and allowing subsequent terminal degeneration, the populations of parasympathetic and sympathetic preganglionic terminals, respectively, can be visualised. The present study has used this method in conjunction with retrograde labelling of pelvic neurons from the distal colon and double label immunofluorescence against tyrosine hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to identify and characterise the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons projecting to the distal colon from the major pelvic ganglia of the male rat. Approximately equal numbers of distal colonic-projecting pelvic neurons are sympathetic and parasympathetic. Almost all noradrenergic neurons are sympathetic. Of the VIP neurons that project to the distal colon approximately one third are sympathetic, one third parasympathetic and the remaining third are possibly innervated by both the lumbar and sacral cord. Extrapolation from our results also suggests that the majority of non-noradrenergic neuropeptide Y neurons (which are known to comprise the remainder of the neurons) are parasympathetic. These studies have demonstrated that the pelvic ganglia are a major source of sympathetic innervation to the distal bowel and have further shown that the distal colon is another target for the non-noradrenergic sympathetic neurons of the pelvic ganglia.
盆神经节是混合神经节，包含交感和副交感神经元，它们分别通过腹下神经（腰髓）和盆神经（骶髓）接收来自脊髓的输入。最近一项研究利用针对突触素（一种与小囊泡相关的蛋白质）的免疫组织化学方法来观察这些神经节中的节前终末。通过选择性切断腹下神经或盆神经并让随后的终末发生变性，可分别观察到副交感和交感节前终末的分布情况。本研究采用这种方法，结合对来自远端结肠的盆神经节神经元进行逆行标记以及针对酪氨酸羟化酶和血管活性肠肽（VIP）的双重免疫荧光标记，来鉴定和表征雄性大鼠主要盆神经节中投射至远端结肠的交感和副交感神经元。投射至远端结肠的盆神经节神经元中，交感和副交感神经元数量大致相等。几乎所有去甲肾上腺素能神经元都是交感神经元。在投射至远端结肠的VIP神经元中，约三分之一是交感神经元，三分之一是副交感神经元，其余三分之一可能同时受腰髓和骶髓支配。根据我们的研究结果推断，大多数非去甲肾上腺素能神经肽Y神经元（已知构成其余神经元）是副交感神经元。这些研究表明，盆神经节是远端肠道交感神经支配的主要来源，并且进一步表明，远端结肠是盆神经节中非去甲肾上腺素能交感神经元的另一个靶器官。
