Taub J M
Int J Neurosci. 1995 Jun;82(3-4):191-214. doi: 10.3109/00207459508999801.
Demographic characteristics of borderline personality disorder (PD) defined according to DSM-III criteria were compared with those found for schizophrenia, affective illness, and other Axis II PDs. Borderline PD, unlike affective illness and most other Axis II PDs, usually occurs before the age of 30. By contrast to antisocial PD and schizophrenia, borderline PD usually occurs after the age of 25. For borderline PD (N = 280) average age was significantly more homogeneous compared with affective illness (N = 157) and Axis II PDs (N = 71) across 9 studies. By contrast, variability for 63 predominantly male schizophrenics in 3 studies was significantly less, reflecting the younger age at admission compared with borderline PD (N = 84). According to predictions based upon an age-of-risk hypothesis (Dahl, 1985) for 106 borderline PD patients, a significantly lower percentage were > or = 40 years of age than diagnostic controls (N = 181) predominantly with DSM-III affective illness. Borderline PD is predominantly diagnosed in females either single or who have been divorced compared with Axis II PDs and affective illness, to a lesser extent. Unlike antisocial PD, as well as schizophrenia, the preponderance of male and single/divorced patients usually occur significantly less than for borderline PD. Borderline PD usually occur significantly less than Axis II PDs, affective illness and schizophrenia and ethnic minorities, particularly Afro-Americans. These differences in ethnic/racial distribution are explained in terms of two hypotheses. From the perspective of demographic variables, borderline PD closely converges with neither (a) schizophrenia, (b) antisocial PC, (c) other Axis II PDs, nor (d) affective illness. Evidence for discriminant and convergent validation of these data is provided by (a) cluster analyses and intersample pairwise contrasts, as well as comparisons with (b) clinical samples selected on the basis of DSM-III-R and criteria of the (c) Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients, (d) a longitudinal case registry study conducted in Denmark, and (e) prospective surveys conducted among (i) North Carolina community residents and (ii) first degree (nonpatients) relatives of psychiatric patients in Iowa.
将根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版》（DSM - III）标准定义的边缘型人格障碍（PD）的人口统计学特征，与精神分裂症、情感性疾病以及其他轴II人格障碍的特征进行了比较。与情感性疾病和大多数其他轴II人格障碍不同，边缘型人格障碍通常在30岁之前出现。与反社会型人格障碍和精神分裂症相比，边缘型人格障碍通常在25岁之后出现。在9项研究中，边缘型人格障碍患者（N = 280）的平均年龄与情感性疾病患者（N = 157）和轴II人格障碍患者（N = 71）相比，同质性显著更高。相比之下，在3项研究中，63名主要为男性的精神分裂症患者的年龄变异性显著更小，这反映出与边缘型人格障碍患者（N = 84）相比，其入院时年龄更小。根据基于风险年龄假说（达尔，1985年）对106名边缘型人格障碍患者的预测，年龄大于或等于40岁的患者比例显著低于主要为患有DSM - III情感性疾病的诊断对照组（N = 181）。与轴II人格障碍和情感性疾病相比，边缘型人格障碍在单身或离异女性中被诊断出的比例更高，程度稍轻。与反社会型人格障碍以及精神分裂症不同，男性和单身/离异患者在边缘型人格障碍中的占比通常显著低于反社会型人格障碍。边缘型人格障碍在少数民族，尤其是非裔美国人中出现的比例通常显著低于轴II人格障碍、情感性疾病和精神分裂症。这些种族/民族分布上的差异可以用两种假说来解释。从人口统计学变量的角度来看，边缘型人格障碍与（a）精神分裂症、（b）反社会型人格障碍、（c）其他轴II人格障碍以及（d）情感性疾病均没有紧密的趋同关系。（a）聚类分析和样本间成对对比，以及与（b）基于DSM - III - R选择的临床样本、（c）边缘型患者诊断访谈标准、（d）在丹麦进行的一项纵向病例登记研究以及（e）在（i）北卡罗来纳州社区居民和（ii）爱荷华州精神病患者的一级（非患者）亲属中进行的前瞻性调查的比较，为这些数据的判别性和趋同性验证提供了证据。
