Ekevad M, Lundberg B
Industrial Development Centre, Skellefteå, Sweden.
J Biomech. 1995 Sep;28(9):1079-90. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(94)00168-4.
The process of pole vaulting is simulated using a finite element two-dimensional model of the pole and the vaulter. The pole is modelled with 20 beam elements and the vaulter with seven such elements linked together by pin joints. 'Smart' behaviour is achieved through control of limited muscle torques at the joints according to a given strategy. This control strategy is such that the vaulter strives to carry through a prescribed sequence of motions, corresponding to a given style, during a vault. The optimum pole length is determined for a vaulter with given initial velocity, strength and style. When a pole of optimum length is used, the maximum increase of the potential energy of the vaulter is 1.27 times the initial kinetic energy of the vaulter and the pole. This shows that the contribution from muscle work to the increase in potential energy during a vault may be significant. The simulation method should be a useful tool for optimization of pole design. It might also be useful for optimization of vaulting style or for judging the importance of vaulter strength.
使用杆和撑杆跳运动员的有限元二维模型来模拟撑杆跳的过程。杆由20个梁单元建模，撑杆跳运动员由7个这样的单元通过销关节连接在一起建模。通过根据给定策略控制关节处有限的肌肉扭矩来实现“智能”行为。这种控制策略使得撑杆跳运动员在跳跃过程中努力完成与给定风格相对应的规定动作序列。针对具有给定初始速度、力量和风格的撑杆跳运动员确定最佳杆长。当使用最佳长度的杆时，撑杆跳运动员势能的最大增加量是撑杆跳运动员和杆的初始动能的1.27倍。这表明在跳跃过程中肌肉做功对势能增加的贡献可能很大。该模拟方法应该是优化杆设计的有用工具。它对于优化跳跃风格或判断撑杆跳运动员力量的重要性也可能有用。
