Reichenbach A, Grimm D, Mozhaiskaja N, Distler C
Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Germany.
J Hirnforsch. 1995;36(3):305-11.
A method is presented that allows for an easy and reliable demonstration of retinal glial (Müller) cell morphology. When a 3% solution of the fluorescent dye Procion Yellow (reactive yellow, Sigma) is placed on isolated living retinae for 2 hrs, many Müller cells take up the dye. In paraffin sections, the cells can be observed by confocal microscopy in great detail. As the cells are filled throughout their length, the method has advantages over most immunocytochemical methods which label only parts of the cells. The method was applied to retinae of frogs, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. The vitread trunks of the cells differed in diameter. Those of frogs and rats were thin (less than 1 to 2 microns diameter) whereas those of guinea pigs and rabbits were thicker (2 to 5 microns). In all species studied the following rule was found. In thick central regions of the retina, Müller cells were long with slender trunks whereas in the thin retinal periphery, the Müller cells had thick short trunks. There was an inverse relationship between length and diameter of Müller cell trunks. Mammalian Müller cells were densely packed and had rather cylindrical endfeet. In the frog retina, Müller cells were more sparsely distributed, and the endfeet formed wide, flat funnels. It is concluded that the higher metabolic rate of mammalian retinae requires more densely packed Müller cells than occur in the amphibian retina.
本文介绍了一种能轻松且可靠地展示视网膜神经胶质（穆勒）细胞形态的方法。当将3%的荧光染料普施安黄（活性黄，西格玛）溶液置于分离的活视网膜上2小时后，许多穆勒细胞会摄取该染料。在石蜡切片中，可通过共聚焦显微镜对细胞进行详细观察。由于细胞在其整个长度上都充满了染料，该方法比大多数仅标记细胞部分区域的免疫细胞化学方法具有优势。该方法已应用于青蛙、大鼠、豚鼠和兔子的视网膜。细胞的玻璃体干直径有所不同。青蛙和大鼠的玻璃体干较细（直径小于1至2微米），而豚鼠和兔子的则较粗（2至5微米）。在所研究的所有物种中都发现了以下规律。在视网膜的厚中央区域，穆勒细胞较长且主干细长，而在薄的视网膜周边区域，穆勒细胞的主干短而粗。穆勒细胞主干的长度和直径呈反比关系。哺乳动物的穆勒细胞密集排列，其终足呈圆柱形。在青蛙视网膜中，穆勒细胞分布较为稀疏，终足形成宽而扁平的漏斗状。得出的结论是，与两栖动物视网膜相比，哺乳动物视网膜较高的代谢率需要更密集排列的穆勒细胞。
