Suzuki M, Akisaka M, Ashitomi I, Higa K, Nozaki H
Research Center of Comprehensive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus.
Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 1995 Jun;32(6):416-23. doi: 10.3143/geriatrics.32.416.
Since 1976 medicobiological and sociological surveys have been carried out upon centenarians in Okinawa. Recently dementia and disability have increased among centenarians. In order to determine the statistical significance, ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scores among Okinawan centenarians were compared; 43 subjects were studied from the 1970's (1976-1980), 99 subjects from the 1980's (1986-1988), and 109 subjects from the 1990's (1992-1994). ADL scores of each centenarian were recorded by the same researchers at the University of the Ryukyus Hospital, based on observation and examination of the centenarians where they lived. Five categories of self sufficiency were defined; completely independent, independent but slow, independent with difficulty, partially dependent, and completely dependent. There were seven physical tasks scored; taking meals, bowel and bladder continence, ability to rise from a toilet, ability to stand, extent of general activities, ability to bathe, and ability to dress oneself. Their sensory functions (auditory acuity and eyesight) and cognitive abilities (comprehension and self-expression) were also scored. Declining rates of total ADL scores were more marked between the 1970's and the 1980's than between the 1980's and the early 1990's. It was also more remarkable in institutionalized centenarians than in centenarians living at home. Decline in physical activities was more distinct in institutionalized than in home-living centenarians. On the other hand, cognitive abilities declined more among centenarian living at home than among institutionalized centenarians. The population of centenarians has increased 23 times over the past 22 years in Okinawa. Human life span has been remarkably extended by advanced medical technology, physically easier life style, and improvement in overall social welfare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
自1976年起，对冲绳地区的百岁老人开展了医学 - 生物学和社会学调查。近来，百岁老人中痴呆症和残疾情况有所增加。为确定其统计学意义，对琉球百岁老人的日常生活活动（ADL）得分进行了比较；研究对象包括20世纪70年代（1976 - 1980年）的43名老人、80年代（1986 - 1988年）的99名老人以及90年代（1992 - 1994年）的109名老人。每位百岁老人的ADL得分由琉球大学医院的同一批研究人员，根据在老人居住场所的观察和检查记录。定义了五类自理程度：完全独立、独立但行动迟缓、独立有困难、部分依赖和完全依赖。对七项身体任务进行评分：进餐、大小便自控、从马桶起身的能力、站立能力、日常活动范围、洗澡能力和穿衣能力。还对他们的感官功能（听力和视力）和认知能力（理解和自我表达）进行了评分。ADL总分下降率在20世纪70年代至80年代比80年代至90年代初更为明显。在养老院的百岁老人中也比居家生活的百岁老人更显著。在养老院的老人身体活动能力下降比居家老人更明显。另一方面，居家生活的百岁老人认知能力下降比在养老院的老人更多。在过去22年里，冲绳百岁老人的数量增长了23倍。先进的医疗技术、更轻松的生活方式以及整体社会福利的改善显著延长了人类寿命。（摘要截选至250字）
