Arthroscopic anatomy of the shoulder.

The importance of a thorough knowledge of regional anatomy in any surgical discipline cannot be overemphasized. This is particularly true for the orthopedist as arthroscopic procedures continue to evolve with our increased understanding of shoulder pathology and as we attempt to improve patient outcomes. Surface and bony anatomy allow the arthroscopist to infer the location of the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space. Proper portal placement allows access to these regions without risk of neurovascular, tendon, or articular injury. Glenohumeral and subacromial anatomy can be clearly seen arthroscopically with many normal variants. Knowledge of normal shoulder anatomy allows the orthopedic surgeon to safely and successfully treat pathologic conditions.