[Bladder rupture. Diagnosis, etiology and treatment].

The majority of bladder ruptures (80-90%) are caused by major blunt abdominal trauma. Penetrating injuries account for the rest. Bladder rupture is seen most often in patients with pelvic fracture. More seldom, the rupture can be caused by energetic blunt abdominal trauma. The rupture can either be intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal. The symptoms are macroscopic haematuria, suprapubic pain and, in some patients, an inability to avoid. Retrograde cystography is the diagnostic procedure of choice. An intravenous infusion pyelogram does not provide adequate examination of the bladder. The rupture is treated by operative closure and drainage by catheter. Extraperitoneal rupture may be treated with only catheter drainage and close clinical evaluation. We describe two patients with intraperitoneal bladder rupture after low energetic abdominal trauma.