Schmeiser-Rieder A, Kunze U
Institut für Sozialmedizin, Universität Wien.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1995;107(16):493-9.
Attitudes and knowledge of the Austrian population concerning hypertension have been investigated on a regular basis for 15 years (1978-1993). In 1978 a public campaign of information on hypertension was conducted all over Austria. Between 1978 and 1993 four representative population surveys, based on random samples, were performed (1978, 1984, 1990, 1993). The four surveys showed that maximal blood pressure awareness after the campaign was followed by a decrease of awareness between 1984 and 1993. Above all, lack of knowledge of personal blood pressure increased markedly over the observation period. The determinant "don't know my blood pressure" was self reported by 10% in 1978, 7% in 1984, rising to 17% and 18% in 1990 and 1993, respectively. This increase was significant in females and males younger than 50 years. Nearly no differences were found in self-reported high blood pressure and antihypertensive drug intake between 1978 and 1993 (1978, 1984, 1990: 14%, 1993: 12% with respect to the former; 1978: 10%, 1990: 11%, 1993: 8% with respect to the latter). In 1993 significantly less people than in 1978 reported that their blood pressure had been measured within the past three months (1978: 49%; 1993: 34%). People estimated overweight, alcohol, mental stress, and cigarette smoking as the most important risk factors for hypertension (89%, 89%, 88%, 83%, respectively). The importance of these risk factors in the eyes of the questioned population increased between 1978 and 1993, significantly in the case of cigarette smoking. Primarily a lack of information was found in knowledge of personal values, whereas knowledge of risk factors for hypertension was considerably higher. The results of the four surveys lead to the conclusion that the population should be informed about the health hazards of high blood pressure more intensively and people should be motivated to take an interest in their blood pressure.
15年来（1978 - 1993年），奥地利定期对民众关于高血压的态度和知识进行调查。1978年在奥地利全国开展了一场关于高血压的宣传活动。1978年至1993年间进行了四次基于随机抽样的代表性人口调查（1978年、1984年、1990年、1993年）。这四次调查显示，宣传活动后最大血压知晓率出现下降，1984年至1993年间知晓率降低。最重要的是，在观察期内，对个人血压情况缺乏了解的情况显著增加。“不知道自己血压”这一情况在1978年自我报告率为10%，1984年为7%，在1990年和1993年分别升至17%和18%。这种增加在50岁以下的女性和男性中具有显著性。1978年至1993年间，自我报告的高血压和服用降压药情况几乎没有差异（相对于前者，1978年、1984年、1990年为14%，1993年为12%；相对于后者，1978年为10%，1990年为11%，1993年为8%）。1993年报告在过去三个月内测量过血压的人数比1978年显著减少（1978年：49%；1993年：34%）。人们认为超重、饮酒、精神压力和吸烟是高血压最重要的危险因素（分别为89%、89%、88%、83%）。在被调查人群眼中，这些危险因素的重要性在1978年至1993年间有所增加，吸烟情况显著增加。主要发现是在个人血压值的知识方面缺乏信息，而关于高血压危险因素的知识则要高得多。这四次调查的结果得出结论，应更深入地向民众宣传高血压的健康危害，并应促使人们关注自己的血压。
