Vizcaya M, Haro M, Arévalo M, Texidó A, Izquierdo M, Coloma R
Sección de Neumología, Hospital General de Albacete.
Arch Bronconeumol. 1995 Oct;31(8):378-82. doi: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30876-0.
To analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis infection, tuberculin tests were given to 3,292 elementary school children in the first and second grades in the environs of Albacete (Spain) in 1992. There were 1,532 children aged 6 (122 vaccinated with BCG) and 1,760 children aged 7 (162 vaccinated); 51 children tested positive (20 who had been vaccinated and 31 who had not been). The prevalence of infection was 0.78% at 6 years of age and 1.25 at 7 years of age in non vaccinated children, a rate similar to that found by earlier national surveys. One case of active pulmonary tuberculosis was identified. Inclusion of the 8.6% who had been vaccinated caused significant distortion of the initial prevalences. The annual rate of infection, estimated based on an annual decline of 4%, was 0.143 %. Differences in tuberculosis infection by family socioeconomic level, as indicted by level of parental studies or place of residence, were not statistically significant, although we did observe a slightly greater rate among children living in poorer areas and with parents with only elementary school education. Our results confirm a downward trend in the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the population studied, as well as the importance of carrying out this type of survey to provide a reference for active control and for taking an active stand.
为分析结核感染的流行情况，1992年对西班牙阿尔瓦塞特周边地区一、二年级的3292名小学生进行了结核菌素试验。其中6岁儿童1532名（122名接种过卡介苗），7岁儿童1760名（162名接种过）；51名儿童检测呈阳性（20名接种过，31名未接种）。未接种儿童中，6岁时感染率为0.78%，7岁时为1.25%，这一比率与早期全国调查结果相似。发现1例活动性肺结核病例。将接种过疫苗的8.6%的儿童纳入后，初始感染率出现了显著偏差。根据每年4%的下降率估算，年感染率为0.143%。尽管我们确实观察到生活在贫困地区且父母只有小学文化程度的儿童感染率略高，但根据父母学历水平或居住地点所表明的家庭社会经济水平，结核感染差异无统计学意义。我们的结果证实了所研究人群中结核感染率呈下降趋势，以及开展此类调查为积极防控提供参考并采取积极措施的重要性。
