Reyna T M, Reyna P A
Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 1995 Aug;4(3):190-7.
Emesis is a common occurrence in newborns and infants. The causes are ubiquitous and unfortunately nonspecific. However, clues exist with respect to the timing of the onset of emesis as well as to its character. Emesis can be bilious or nonbilious, projectile or nonprojectile, and in some patients it is effortless. Newborns and infants with emesis of gastric origin may display a paucity of visible external signs. Ultrasound, contrast radiographic studies, and endoscopy coupled with physical examination are invaluable in the assessment of the emesis. Important in the management is prompt correction of fluid and electrolyte losses. Surgical correction, if warranted, can then be undertaken with significant lessening of morbidity.
呕吐在新生儿和婴儿中很常见。其病因普遍存在且不幸的是缺乏特异性。然而，关于呕吐发作的时间及其特征存在一些线索。呕吐可以是胆汁性的或非胆汁性的，喷射性的或非喷射性的，并且在一些患者中是不费力的。有胃源性呕吐的新生儿和婴儿可能几乎没有明显的外部体征。超声、造影影像学检查以及内镜检查结合体格检查在评估呕吐方面具有重要价值。管理中重要的是迅速纠正液体和电解质丢失。如果有必要，随后可以进行手术矫正，从而显著降低发病率。
