Pitt M A, Samuel A G
Ohio State University, USA.
Cogn Psychol. 1995 Oct;29(2):149-88. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1995.1014.
Currently, there are two qualitatively different model classes in the field of spoken language understanding. Autonomous models allow only bottom-up information flow, whereas interactive models allow higher level representations (e.g., lexical) to affect processing at lower levels (e.g., phonemic). Part 1 of the present study included a test of a prediction that differentiates the two model classes: Is phoneme monitoring faster for targets in real words than in pseudowords, even before the word could in principle be recognized? The results indicate that this lexical advantage does occur, in accord with the predictions of interactive models. In Part 2, speech compression and expansion were used to assess the sufficiency or necessity of bottom-up evidence and of processing time in accomplishing lexical access. The results of Parts 1 and 2 suggested that in addition to the lexical effects posited by current models, sublexical activation may also play an important role. Data are presented in Part 3 that support this interpretation. Collectively, the results in the current study support interactive models of lexical processing, but require additional sublexical processes as well.
目前，在口语理解领域存在两种性质不同的模型类别。自主模型只允许自下而上的信息流，而交互式模型则允许更高层次的表征（如词汇）影响更低层次（如音素）的处理。本研究的第一部分包括对一个区分这两种模型类别的预测进行测试：即使在原则上还无法识别单词之前，对真实单词中目标音素的监测是否比对假词中目标音素的监测更快？结果表明，这种词汇优势确实存在，这与交互式模型的预测一致。在第二部分中，使用语音压缩和扩展来评估自下而上的证据以及处理时间在完成词汇通达过程中的充分性或必要性。第一部分和第二部分的结果表明，除了当前模型所假定的词汇效应外，次词汇激活可能也起着重要作用。第三部分呈现的数据支持了这一解释。总体而言，当前研究的结果支持词汇处理的交互式模型，但也需要额外的次词汇过程。
