Spicer L J, Echternkamp S E
Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University Stillwater 74078, USA.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 1995 Jul;12(3):223-45. doi: 10.1016/0739-7240(95)00021-6.
Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have direct effects on cultured ovarian cells. These effects include stimulation of granulosa cell mitogenesis, granulosa and luteal cell progesterone production, and thecal cell androgen production and appear similar among species. However, species differences exist with regard to insulin and IGF-I effects on granulosa cell estradiol production. In addition to endocrine effects of insulin and IGFs, IGFs are produced by granulosa, thecal, and luteal cells, allowing for an intraovarian autocrine and paracrine system. Granulosa, thecal, and luteal cells contain receptors for insulin and IGFs, and these receptors appear to mediate the effects of insulin and IGFs. Adding to the complexity of the regulatory role of IGFs is the presence of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) within the ovary. These IGFBPs are produced by granulosa, thecal, and luteal cells, and their production is hormonally regulated. Evidence for a coherent mechanism by which insulin, IGFs, and IGFBPs interact and regulate ovarian function in vivo has yet to be found.
胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子（IGFs）对培养的卵巢细胞有直接作用。这些作用包括刺激颗粒细胞有丝分裂、颗粒细胞和黄体细胞产生孕酮以及卵泡膜细胞产生雄激素，并且在不同物种间表现相似。然而，胰岛素和IGF-I对颗粒细胞产生雌二醇的作用存在物种差异。除了胰岛素和IGFs的内分泌作用外，IGFs由颗粒细胞、卵泡膜细胞和黄体细胞产生，从而形成卵巢内的自分泌和旁分泌系统。颗粒细胞、卵泡膜细胞和黄体细胞含有胰岛素和IGFs的受体，这些受体似乎介导了胰岛素和IGFs的作用。卵巢内存在的胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白（IGFBPs）增加了IGFs调节作用的复杂性。这些IGFBPs由颗粒细胞、卵泡膜细胞和黄体细胞产生，其产生受激素调节。尚未发现胰岛素、IGFs和IGFBPs在体内相互作用并调节卵巢功能的连贯机制。
