Platelet and monoclonal antibody binding to fibrinogen adsorbed on glow-discharge-deposited polymers.

The state of fibrinogen adsorbed on untreated and glow-discharge-treated surfaces was examined by measuring platelet adhesion, monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding, the amount of fibrinogen adsorbed, and the amount of adsorbed fibrinogen which could be eluted with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) glow-discharge-treated polymers have a lower surface free energy (in air) and retain a larger fraction of adsorbed fibrinogen than untreated surfaces after SDS elution. Platelet adhesion was lowest on the TFE-treated surfaces which retain the highest amounts of fibrinogen after SDS elution. Fibrinogen may undergo unfolding or spreading on the TFE-treated surfaces to minimize interfacial free energy (in water) and maximize protein-surface interactions. When it is adsorbed on the TFE-treated surfaces, fibrinogen evidently assumes a state which somehow prevents its recognition and binding by platelet receptors. Monoclonal antibodies that bind to the three regions in fibrinogen thought to be involved in platelet adhesion were therefore used to detect changes in adsorbed fibrinogen. These regions and the antibodies which bind to them are: the COOH-terminal of the gamma-chain, mAb M1; the RGD peptide sequence at A alpha 95-98, mAb R1; the RGD sequence at A alpha 572-575, mAb R2. For fibrinogen adsorbed on the untreated or TFE-treated surfaces, M1 and R2 binding was relatively high compared to background, while R1 binding was low. However, the amount of binding of each mAb to fibrinogen adsorbed on the TFE-treated surfaces was equal to or greater than fibrinogen adsorbed to the untreated surfaces. Therefore, antibody-detectable changes in the platelet binding regions of adsorbed fibrinogen that might have been caused by conformational or orientational rearrangements were not observed for the TFE-treated surfaces. The data suggest that the tight binding of fibrinogen on a surface may directly affect the ability of the fibrinogen to interact with the platelet receptors--i.e., that fibrinogen must be loosely held to facilitate maximal interaction with platelet receptors.