Stevenson-Hinde J, Shouldice A
MRC Group on the Development and Integration of Behaviour, Madingley, Cambridge, U.K.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1995 Sep;36(6):1027-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01348.x.
Fearful behaviour, fears and worries of young children are central not only to normal development, but also to the development of anxiety disorders. In a community sample, consistency from age 4.5 to 7 years was significant for all measures of behavioural approach/withdrawal, as well as for the degree of reported fears and worries. Observed approach/withdrawal behaviour was not correlated with fears and worries reported by either mothers or children. There were no sex differences in the levels of measures or their consistency, with one exception: maternal reports of worries were less consistent but possibly more valid for girls than for boys. When interviewed at 7 years, girls expressed worries about family members, while boys tended to worry about their own performance.
幼儿的恐惧行为、恐惧和担忧不仅是正常发育的核心，也是焦虑症发展的核心。在一个社区样本中，从4.5岁到7岁，行为接近/退缩的所有测量指标以及报告的恐惧和担忧程度都具有显著的一致性。观察到的接近/退缩行为与母亲或孩子报告的恐惧和担忧没有相关性。测量水平或其一致性没有性别差异，但有一个例外：母亲报告的担忧一致性较低，但对女孩可能比对男孩更有效。7岁接受访谈时，女孩表达了对家庭成员的担忧，而男孩则倾向于担心自己的表现。
