Management of persistent pediatric tracheostomal fistulas.

Decannulation of a tracheostomy generally results in spontaneous closure. Occasionally, epithelialization results in persistence of the fistula, which may be initially treated by local curettage or cautery. Failure of these methods constitutes an indication for surgical closure. Dissection of the entire tracheocutaneous tract permits fistula closure in juxtaposition to but outside the trachea and prevents any iatrogenic airway narrowing. Twelve patients have been so managed over the last 10 years, and there have been no immediate or long-term complications.