Haas A
Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Jena, Germany.
J Morphol. 1995 Jun;224(3):241-64. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052240302.
The larval neurocranium and visceral arches of seven dendrobatid species representing four genera are described, based on cleared-and-stained and serially sectioned specimens. A variety of characters is shared by all seven species. Larval features do not substantiate the assumption of close ranoid affinities of the Dendrobatidae. Instead dendrobatid larvae share features such as the special quadripartite cartilago suprarostralis, the lack of the larval processus oticus, the presence of three foramina acustica, and the lack of a foramen perilymphaticum accessorius with many bufonoid larvae. The first of these characters is unique to bufonids, hylids, dendrobatids, and some New World leptodactylids; the other characters also occur in pelobatids and are presumably plesiomorphic for the Neobatrachia. The free proximal ends of Ceratobranchialia II and III are an autapomorphy of the Dendrobatidae supporting the monophyly of the family. Some features of the cranium are paedomorphic: low cartilago orbitalis, lack of connection between cartilage orbitalis and otic capsule (most species), and vestigal taeniae tecti. New anatomical terms are introduced.
基于透明染色和连续切片标本，描述了代表四个属的七种箭毒蛙科物种的幼体脑颅和脏弓。所有七个物种都具有多种共同特征。幼体特征并不支持箭毒蛙科与蛙科有密切亲缘关系的假设。相反，箭毒蛙科幼体与许多蟾蜍科幼体具有一些共同特征，如特殊的四分上喙软骨、无幼体耳突、有三个听孔以及无副淋巴孔。这些特征中的第一个是蟾蜍科、雨蛙科、箭毒蛙科和一些新大陆细趾蟾科所特有的；其他特征也出现在锄足蟾科中，可能是新蛙亚目的原始特征。鳃骨II和III的游离近端是箭毒蛙科的一个自有衍征，支持该科的单系性。脑颅的一些特征是幼态延续的：眶软骨低、眶软骨与耳囊之间无连接（大多数物种）以及残余的脑膜带。引入了新的解剖学术语。
