Conant M A
University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, USA.
Recent Results Cancer Res. 1995;139:423-32. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-78771-3_34.
A number of malignancies which have been seen with other immunodeficiency diseases have appeared in patients immunosuppressed by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These include Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphomas, superficially spreading basal cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. The fact that Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common of these malignancies and is seen almost exclusively among homosexual men remains an enigma. The dermatological treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma includes observation, surgical excision, radiation therapy, interlesional chemotherapy, and topical liquid nitrogen. When the disease becomes more aggressive, systemic chemotherapy, using a combination of chemotherapeutic agents, will often slow disease progression. It is essential that the chemotherapy be given in a dose that will slow the course of the malignancy, but will not further immunosuppress the patient. The treatment of lymphomas in HIV-infected patients has been less than satisfactory, with a high mortality rate. Aggressive therapy of these lymphomas using combination therapy has been the most successful in increasing survival.
在因人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染而免疫抑制的患者中，出现了一些与其他免疫缺陷疾病相关的恶性肿瘤。这些包括卡波西肉瘤、淋巴瘤、浅表扩散性基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌。卡波西肉瘤是这些恶性肿瘤中最常见的，且几乎仅见于同性恋男性，这一事实仍然是个谜。卡波西肉瘤的皮肤科治疗方法包括观察、手术切除、放射治疗、病灶内化疗和局部液氮冷冻。当疾病变得更具侵袭性时，使用多种化疗药物联合的全身化疗通常会减缓疾病进展。至关重要的是，化疗的剂量要能减缓恶性肿瘤的进程，但又不会进一步抑制患者的免疫功能。对感染HIV患者的淋巴瘤治疗效果一直不尽人意，死亡率很高。使用联合疗法积极治疗这些淋巴瘤在提高生存率方面最为成功。
