Fernandes C J, Benn R A, Nimmo G R
Microbiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales.
Pathology. 1995 Jan;27(1):74-8. doi: 10.1080/00313029500169522.
A national study was conducted to determine the in vitro activity of 2 newer macrolides, dirithromycin and erythromycylamine compared with that of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin. Nineteen major teaching hospitals participated in the study. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined by agar dilution, mostly using Iso-Sensitest Agar and an inoculum of 10(4) cells per spot. 2284 clinically significant strains were isolated in late 1991 and early 1992, comprising 1736 Gram-positive cocci, 355 Haemophilus influenzae, 97 Moraxella catarrhalis, 32 Listeria monocytogenes, 25 Neisseria meningitidis and 39 Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested. The study indicates that dirithromycin and erythromycylamine possess antibacterial activity equivalent to that of erythromycin against most Gram-positive cocci and M. catarrhalis. Strains resistant to erythromycin were also resistant to dirithromycin and to erythromycylamine. Tetracycline was as active as the macrolides against both penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Coagulase-negative penicillin-resistant staphylococci, compared with tetracycline, were relatively resistant to the macrolides. H. influenzae was less susceptible than the Gram-positive cocci.
开展了一项全国性研究，以确定两种新型大环内酯类药物——地红霉素和红霉素胺与红霉素、四环素及青霉素相比的体外活性。19家主要教学医院参与了该研究。采用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC），多数情况下使用异感测试琼脂，每个接种点接种10⁴个细胞。1991年末和1992年初分离出2284株具有临床意义的菌株，包括1736株革兰氏阳性球菌、355株流感嗜血杆菌、97株卡他莫拉菌、32株单核细胞增生李斯特菌、25株脑膜炎奈瑟菌和39株淋病奈瑟菌，并对其进行了测试。该研究表明，地红霉素和红霉素胺对大多数革兰氏阳性球菌和卡他莫拉菌具有与红霉素相当的抗菌活性。对红霉素耐药的菌株对地红霉素和红霉素胺也耐药。四环素对耐青霉素和对青霉素敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的活性与大环内酯类药物相当。与四环素相比，凝固酶阴性耐青霉素葡萄球菌对大环内酯类药物相对耐药。流感嗜血杆菌比革兰氏阳性球菌更不易感。
