Enkvetchakul B, Bottje W G
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
Poult Sci. 1995 May;74(5):864-73. doi: 10.3382/ps.0740864.
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of diethyl maleate (DEM) and l-cysteine (L-Cys) on tissue glutathione (GSH) and growth in male broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, broilers were treated with DEM (0, 1.5, 3, 6, or 12.0 mmol/kg BW, i.p.). After 1 h, maximum GSH depletions were to 9, 24, 20, 19, and 35% of control (0 mmol DEM/kg) for liver, lung, kidney, heart, and brain, respectively. In Experiment 2, time-course changes following 1.5 mmol DEM/kg (i.p.) were determined; time-controls received an equal amount of corn oil (CO, .25 mL/kg BW). Levels of GSH in all tissues were low at 1 and 2 h after DEM in comparison to time-control values. Tissue GSH concentrations returned to values that were not different from controls by 5 h in liver and kidney, by 12 h in heart, and by 24 h in brain and lung. In Experiment 3, the effects of feeding a control diet (0% L-Cys) or one supplemented with 1% L-Cys from 3 to 7 wk of age with weekly i.p. injections (at 3,4,5, and 6 wk of age) of DEM (1.5 mmol/kg BW) or CO (.25 mL/kg BW) on growth rate and tissue GSH were determined. There were no differences in BW among treatment groups between 3 and 6 wk of age. Although there were no differences in 7-wk BW between controls (0% L-Cys/CO) and birds treated with DEM fed either diet, the 1% L-Cys/CO group was heavier (P < .05) than either the 0% or 1% L-Cys/DEM groups, and heavier (P = .066) than controls at 7 wk of age. At 5 wk of age, 1% L-Cys raised GSH concentrations in liver, kidney, lung, and duodenum, but had no effect on heart GSH in birds treated with either CO or DEM. Control hepatic GSH concentrations were higher at 7 than at 5 wk of age. With the exception of duodenal GSH in CO birds, 1% L-Cys had no effect on tissue GSH concentrations in 7-wk-old birds. The results of this study provide an initial characterization of GSH metabolism in commercial male broilers and indicate that DEM produced dose- and time-dependent changes in GSH similar to reported changes in mammals. Results of this study also indicate that increased tissue GSH may be beneficial for growth.
本研究的目的是确定马来酸二乙酯（DEM）和L-半胱氨酸（L-Cys）对雄性肉鸡组织谷胱甘肽（GSH）和生长的影响。在实验1中，肉鸡腹腔注射DEM（0、1.5、3、6或12.0 mmol/kg体重）。1小时后，肝脏、肺、肾脏、心脏和大脑中的GSH最大耗竭量分别降至对照组（0 mmol DEM/kg）的9%、24%、20%、19%和35%。在实验2中，测定了腹腔注射1.5 mmol DEM/kg后随时间的变化；时间对照组接受等量的玉米油（CO，0.25 mL/kg体重）。与时间对照组相比，DEM处理后1小时和2小时时所有组织中的GSH水平均较低。肝脏和肾脏中组织GSH浓度在5小时时恢复到与对照组无差异的水平，心脏在12小时时恢复，大脑和肺在24小时时恢复。在实验3中，测定了从3至7周龄饲喂对照日粮（0% L-Cys）或添加1% L-Cys的日粮，并每周腹腔注射（3、4、5和6周龄时）DEM（1.5 mmol/kg体重）或CO（0.25 mL/kg体重）对生长速率和组织GSH的影响 在3至6周龄时，各处理组之间的体重没有差异。虽然对照组（0% L-Cys/CO）与饲喂任何一种日粮的DEM处理鸡在7周龄时的体重没有差异，但1% L-Cys/CO组比0%或1% L-Cys/DEM组更重（P<0.05），且在7周龄时比对照组更重（P = 0.066）。在5周龄时，1% L-Cys提高了肝脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠中的GSH浓度，但对CO或DEM处理鸡的心脏GSH没有影响。对照组肝脏GSH浓度在7周龄时高于5周龄时。除CO处理鸡的十二指肠GSH外，1% L-Cys对7周龄鸡的组织GSH浓度没有影响。本研究结果初步描述了商品雄性肉鸡中GSH的代谢情况，并表明DEM产生了与哺乳动物中报道的变化类似的GSH剂量和时间依赖性变化。本研究结果还表明，组织GSH增加可能有利于生长。
