Boyer R, Grue C E
Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Apr;103(4):352-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.95103352.
Amphibians are considered reliable indicators of environmental quality. In the western United States, a general decline of frog populations parallels an apparent worldwide decline. The factors thought to be contributing to declines in frog populations include habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, overexploitation, disease, climate change, and decreasing water quality. With respect to water quality, agroecosystems use 80-90% of the water resources in the western United States, frequently resulting in highly eutrophic conditions. Recent investigations suggest that these eutrophic conditions (elevated pH, water temperature, and un-ionized ammonia) may be associated with frog embryo mortality or malformations. However, water quality criteria for frogs and other amphibians do not currently exist. Here, we briefly review data that support the need to develop water quality parameters for frogs in agroecosystems and other habitats.
两栖动物被视为环境质量的可靠指标。在美国西部，青蛙种群数量普遍下降，这与全球范围内明显的下降趋势相似。据认为，导致青蛙种群数量下降的因素包括栖息地丧失、外来物种引入、过度开发、疾病、气候变化以及水质下降。就水质而言，农业生态系统消耗了美国西部80%至90%的水资源，常常导致高度富营养化的状况。最近的调查表明，这些富营养化状况（升高的pH值、水温以及未电离的氨）可能与青蛙胚胎死亡或畸形有关。然而，目前尚无针对青蛙和其他两栖动物的水质标准。在此，我们简要回顾支持为农业生态系统及其他栖息地中的青蛙制定水质参数必要性的数据。
