Bargones J Y, Werner L A, Marean G C
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Jul;98(1):99-111. doi: 10.1121/1.414446.
Psychometric functions are described for individual 6- to 9-month-old infants and for individual adults for auditory detection of repeated, long- and short-duration tone bursts in quiet and for single, long-duration tone bursts in quiet and in noise. In general, infant psychometric functions have reduced upper asymptotes, shallower slopes, and poorer thresholds than adult psychometric functions. Infant-adult differences in slope and threshold are greater for short-duration tones than for other stimuli. Infant upper asymptotes are around 0.85 correct for all stimuli. One explantation for these findings is that infants are inattentive a certain proportion of time during the detection task. This model cannot account for the very shallow short-duration stimulus slope, nor can it account for infant-adult threshold differences for any stimulus. Other models of immature attention, or listening strategies, may be able to account for the slope and upper asymptote as well as the threshold of infant psychometric functions. Some combination of inattentiveness and primary neural immaturity may also account for the data. Although immaturities exist, some aspects of the detection process appear to be quantitatively similar in infants and adults.
文中描述了6至9个月大婴儿个体以及成人个体在安静环境中对重复的长时程和短时程音爆进行听觉检测的心理测量函数，以及在安静环境和噪声环境中对单个长时程音爆进行听觉检测的心理测量函数。一般来说，婴儿的心理测量函数与成人的相比，其上限渐近线降低、斜率更平缓且阈值更高。短时程音调的斜率和阈值在婴儿与成人之间的差异比其他刺激更大。所有刺激下婴儿的上限渐近线约为0.85正确。对这些发现的一种解释是，婴儿在检测任务期间有一定比例的时间注意力不集中。该模型无法解释短时程刺激斜率非常平缓的情况，也无法解释任何刺激下婴儿与成人的阈值差异。其他关于注意力不成熟或听力策略的模型或许能够解释婴儿心理测量函数的斜率、上限渐近线以及阈值。注意力不集中和初级神经不成熟的某种组合也可能解释这些数据。尽管存在不成熟的情况，但检测过程的某些方面在婴儿和成人中似乎在数量上是相似的。
