Augmentation cystoplasty in boys with posterior urethral valves.

The role of augmentation cystoplasty in the neuropathic and exstrophy bladder has been well documented. However, its place and the timing of such surgery in the "valve bladder" are not well established. We report our experience with augmentation cystoplasty in 20 boys with previously treated posterior urethral valves. Urodynamic studies confirmed poorly compliant, unstable bladders with low functional capacities, which had failed to respond to anticholinergic treatment in all patients. The bladder was augmented with ileum in 9 cases, stomach in 7, colon in 2 and ureter in 2. A Mitrofanoff channel was fashioned in 6 cases. Upper tract dilatation improved in 17 patients and remained stable in 3. Of the patients 17 are dry day and night. Eleven patients void spontaneously without significant residual urine, 7 are on clean intermittent catheterization for residual urine of greater than 50 ml. and 2 are completely dependent on catheterization. Augmentation cystoplasty is a safe and effective method to achieve continence with a low capacity, poorly compliant bladder in children with posterior urethral valves who do not respond to medical management. In contrast to the neuropathic and exstrophy bladder, the augmented valve bladder allows spontaneous voiding without significant residual urine in the majority of cases. Early intervention in these patients may prevent deterioration in renal function.