Dennison D
Surgery Department, Jackson-Madison County General Hospital, Tenn., USA.
AORN J. 1995 May;61(5):827-8, 831-2. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2092(06)63715-0.
Surgery patients often become hypothermic during surgical procedures. The body's thermostat, the hypothalamus, strives to maintain a normal temperature; however, when a patient's temperature drops too low, the thermoregulatory processes are suppressed, and hypothermia occurs. Cardiopulmonary bypass procedures use induced hypothermia; however, inadvertent hypothermia may occur in many other surgical procedures during which the body temperature is not systematically monitored and regulated. Hypothermia may cause complications such as protein catabolism, hypokalemia, and changes in glucose metabolism and glomerular filtration. Nursing interventions used intraoperatively to maintain a normothermic state include applying warm and temperature regulating blankets, decreasing the amount of skin exposure, and warming operating rooms.
手术患者在手术过程中常出现体温过低的情况。人体的体温调节中枢——下丘脑，会努力维持正常体温；然而，当患者体温降得过低时，体温调节过程就会受到抑制，从而发生体温过低。体外循环手术会采用诱导性低温；然而，在许多其他手术过程中，若未对体温进行系统监测和调节，也可能会意外发生体温过低。体温过低可能会引发诸如蛋白质分解代谢、低钾血症以及葡萄糖代谢和肾小球滤过改变等并发症。术中用于维持正常体温状态的护理干预措施包括使用温暖的温度调节毯、减少皮肤暴露面积以及提高手术室温度。
