Mitra S C
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jamaica Hospital, New York 11418, USA.
Am J Perinatol. 1995 May;12(3):217-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-994456.
Umbilical venous waveforms by Doppler ultrasound are seen normally during fetal breathing movements. Each waveform extends two to four fetal cardiac cycles. During Doppler study of gross intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and twin to twin transfusion cases, single or double peaked umbilical venous waveforms were detected with each fetal cardiac cycle. Umbilical arterial Doppler study detected minimal, absent, or reverse diastolic flow. In these fetuses, the ratio of right and left ventricular diameters at the atrioventricular valve level was increased, and pulse-wave and color Doppler study showed tricuspid regurgitation. This tricuspid regurgitation caused reverse flow in the umbilical vein from the right atrium and inferior vena cava and produced characteristic venous waveforms. These umbilical waveforms were associated with gross IUGR or cardiac failure of the fetuses with perinatal morbidity and mortality.
在胎儿呼吸运动期间，通过多普勒超声可正常观察到脐静脉波形。每个波形持续两到四个胎儿心动周期。在对严重宫内生长受限（IUGR）和双胎输血病例进行多普勒研究时，每个胎儿心动周期均检测到单峰或双峰脐静脉波形。脐动脉多普勒研究检测到舒张末期血流极少、缺失或反向。在这些胎儿中，房室瓣水平的左右心室直径比值增加，脉冲波和彩色多普勒研究显示三尖瓣反流。这种三尖瓣反流导致右心房和下腔静脉的血液逆向流入脐静脉，并产生特征性的静脉波形。这些脐静脉波形与严重IUGR或胎儿心力衰竭相关，伴有围产期发病率和死亡率。
