Mericske-Stern R, Assal P, Mericske E, Bürgin W
Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995 May-Jun;10(3):345-53.
Maximal occlusal force and oral tactile sensibility were recorded in (1) a group of partially edentulous patients restored with ITI implants supporting fixed prostheses or single crowns and (2) a control group consisting of fully dentate subjects with healthy natural teeth. Maximal occlusal force was measured with a miniature force transducer placed between antagonistic implant/tooth pairs in the test group and antagonistic teeth in the control group. The detection threshold of minimal pressure (ie, passive tactile sensibility) was recorded with dynamometers, and minimal perceived thickness (active tactile sensibility) was assessed using steel foils with a thickness from 100 to 10 microns. Highest maximal occlusal force was measured in fully dentate subjects on second premolars (average 450 N). A significant reduction on the first premolars (300 N) was observed. With fixed prostheses supported by implants, the average value of maximal occlusal force was distinctly lower, about 200 N for first premolars and for molars, and 300 N for second molars. The maximum force was again found on second premolars. The detection threshold of minimal pressure was significantly higher on implants than on natural teeth. The average number of wrong assessments when testing steel foils was 3.2 for antagonistic implant/tooth pairs and 2.6 for natural teeth. The comparison of test sides (with implants) and control sides (without implants) in patients of the test group did not reveal significant differences of measurements. It seems that patterns of oral function depend primarily on the state of dentition, type of prosthodontic restorations, and on psychological aspects, and secondarily on the presence of implants.
（1）一组部分牙列缺损患者，使用支持固定义齿或单冠的ITI种植体进行修复；（2）一个由天然牙健康的全口牙列受试者组成的对照组。在试验组中，通过放置在对抗性种植体/牙齿对之间的微型力传感器测量最大咬合力，在对照组中通过对抗性牙齿测量。使用测力计记录最小压力的检测阈值（即被动触觉敏感度），并使用厚度从100至10微米的钢箔评估最小可感知厚度（主动触觉敏感度）。在全口牙列受试者的第二前磨牙上测得最高的最大咬合力（平均450 N）。观察到第一前磨牙的咬合力显著降低（300 N）。对于由种植体支持的固定义齿，第一前磨牙和磨牙的最大咬合力平均值明显较低，约为200 N，第二磨牙为300 N。最大咬合力再次出现在第二前磨牙上。种植体上最小压力的检测阈值显著高于天然牙。测试钢箔时，对抗性种植体/牙齿对的错误评估平均次数为3.2次，天然牙为2.6次。试验组患者的测试侧（有种植体）和对照侧（无种植体）的测量比较未显示出显著差异。口腔功能模式似乎主要取决于牙列状态、修复体类型以及心理因素，其次取决于种植体的存在。
