Oranga H M, Nordberg E
Department of Health Policy and Management, African Medical and Research Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya.
East Afr Med J. 1995 Apr;72(4):241-7.
A twelve-month longitudinal household health interview survey in Machakos District (now Makueni District), Kenya, during 1991 covered 390 households randomly selected from 12 village clusters. The survey focused on recent disease symptoms and signs, illness severity, temporary disability and care-seeking behaviour. The total number of reported disease episodes was 9,393, (4.4 per person) with more episodes reported by adult females than by adult males. The disease pattern was dominated by malaria (39.6% of all reported episodes) and respiratory tract diseases (23.1%), followed by gastrointestinal illness (10.7%), joint/muscle disorders (6.4%), injuries (5.4%) and skin conditions (4.8%). Self-medication took place in 39.9% of episodes, while care was sought at hospitals or clinics in 32.1%. This survey generated information useful for local health care planning and management, especially regarding local perception of illness episodes and health care utilization. Respondents developed signs of interview fatigue, however, and the completeness and accuracy of symptom descriptions by the lay interviewers are uncertain. Survey costs were about USD 24,700, one third of which was spent on field work, another third on computerized data processing. Utility in relation to costs is likely to be modest. Improvement of the health information system for local planning and management may be equally or better served by selective improvement of the existing routine reporting system combined with occasional cross-sectional household surveys.
1991年，在肯尼亚马查科斯区（现为马库埃尼区）进行了一项为期12个月的纵向家庭健康访谈调查，从12个村庄集群中随机抽取了390户家庭。该调查重点关注近期的疾病症状和体征、疾病严重程度、临时残疾情况以及寻求医疗行为。报告的疾病发作总数为9393次（人均4.4次），成年女性报告的发作次数多于成年男性。疾病模式以疟疾为主（占所有报告发作次数的39.6%）和呼吸道疾病（23.1%），其次是胃肠道疾病（10.7%）、关节/肌肉疾病（6.4%）、损伤（5.4%）和皮肤疾病（4.8%）。39.9%的发作采用了自我药疗，而32.1%的发作是在医院或诊所寻求治疗。这项调查产生了对当地医疗保健规划和管理有用的信息，特别是关于当地对疾病发作的认知和医疗保健利用情况。然而，受访者出现了访谈疲劳的迹象，而且外行访谈员对症状描述的完整性和准确性尚不确定。调查费用约为24700美元，其中三分之一用于实地工作，另三分之一用于计算机化数据处理。成本效益可能不高。通过有选择地改进现有的常规报告系统并偶尔进行横断面家庭调查，可能同样或更好地服务于当地规划和管理的健康信息系统的改进。
