Arcos Griffiths E, Olivo Mardones A, Romero Zambrano J, Saldivia Sánchez J, Cortez Quintana J, Carretta Muñoz L
Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia.
Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1995 Jun;118(6):488-98.
Intrauterine growth retardation and low birthweight--factors that strongly influence the physical and mental development of a child--are in turn affected by the nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy and, to a certain extent, by her pregestational nutritional status. Pregnant adolescents constitute a high-risk group for nutritional problems because their own bodies are still growing. In order to examine the correlation between several variables related to body composition and nutritional status in a group of pregnant adolescents and certain indicators of neonatal development, a prospective longitudinal study was carried out in Valdivia, Chile, from September 1988 to May 1992. The study cohort was made up of 184 pairs consisting of mothers under 17 years of age who had attended a prenatal monitoring program and their newborns. The following groups of variables were tested for correlation: indicators of maternal body composition before pregnancy (pregestational weight recorded by the mother, height measured during the first visit to the program, and body mass index [pregestational weight/(height upon entering the program)]; indicators of maternal body composition during pregnancy (weight and body mass index upon entering the program and before giving birth, weekly weight gain, and total weight gain); and indicators of neonatal development (weight and length at birth, gestational age, and cranial perimeter). The weight of the mother before giving birth was statistically significantly correlated with the gestational age, length, weight, and cranial perimeter of the newborn. The body mass index prior to giving birth was weakly correlated with the weight and length of the newborn, and a significant direct correlation was also observed between the weight of the pregnant adolescent upon entering the program and the weight of her child at birth. No correlation was found between the indicators of fetal development and those of maternal pregestational body composition or nutritional status. These results show that interventions conducive to a good increase in maternal weight during pregnancy will help prevent a bad neonatal prognosis.
宫内生长迟缓与低出生体重——这些对儿童身心发育有重大影响的因素——反过来又受到母亲孕期营养状况的影响，在一定程度上还受到其孕前营养状况的影响。怀孕青少年是营养问题的高危群体，因为他们自身的身体仍在生长发育。为了研究一组怀孕青少年中与身体成分和营养状况相关的几个变量与新生儿发育的某些指标之间的相关性，1988年9月至1992年5月在智利瓦尔迪维亚进行了一项前瞻性纵向研究。研究队列由184对母婴组成，母亲年龄在17岁以下，她们参加了产前监测项目，其新生儿也纳入研究。对以下几组变量进行了相关性测试：孕前母亲身体成分指标（母亲记录的孕前体重、首次参加项目时测量的身高以及体重指数[孕前体重/（进入项目时的身高）]）；孕期母亲身体成分指标（进入项目时和分娩前的体重和体重指数、每周体重增加量以及总体重增加量）；以及新生儿发育指标（出生时的体重和身长、胎龄和头围）。母亲分娩前的体重与新生儿的胎龄、身长、体重和头围在统计学上有显著相关性。分娩前的体重指数与新生儿的体重和身长有弱相关性，并且还观察到怀孕青少年进入项目时的体重与其孩子出生时的体重之间存在显著的正相关。未发现胎儿发育指标与母亲孕前身体成分或营养状况指标之间存在相关性。这些结果表明，有助于孕期母亲体重良好增加的干预措施将有助于预防不良的新生儿预后。
