Hopkins K A, Kellas G, Paul S T
University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 1995 Apr-Jun;21(2):123-42. doi: 10.1080/03610739508254273.
In a naming experiment, we examined word meaning activation on-line during sentence processing by younger and older adults. Sentences were biased to either the most or least frequently used meaning of a sentence-final ambiguous word. In order to determine the scope of initial meaning activation, targets represented either high- or low-salient semantic relationships to a single sense of the ambiguous word in context. Both age groups evidenced context-dependent activation of word meaning. In addition, context activated a wide scope of meaning that included both high- and low-salience aspects of the ambiguous words. These results contradict predictions based on the inhibition deficit hypothesis (Hasher & Zacks, 1988). However, they are compatible with an interactive activation model of language comprehension that does not discriminate among age groups.
在一项命名实验中，我们研究了年轻人和老年人在句子处理过程中对词义的在线激活情况。句子偏向于句末歧义单词最常用或最不常用的含义。为了确定初始词义激活的范围，目标词在语境中与歧义单词的单一语义呈现出高显著性或低显著性的语义关系。两个年龄组都表现出了与语境相关的词义激活。此外，语境激活了广泛的词义范围，包括歧义单词的高显著性和低显著性方面。这些结果与基于抑制缺陷假说（哈舍和扎克斯，1988年）的预测相矛盾。然而，它们与一种不区分年龄组的语言理解交互激活模型是相符的。
