Saito T, Takeichi S
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33(4):343-8. doi: 10.3109/15563659509028920.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the toxicity of a lithographic developer solution which contains hydroquinone is caused by hydroquinone or the alkaline lithographic developer solution. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. In four groups, rats were dosed orally with 3% hydroquinone or 3% hydroquinone in 3% lithographic developer solution. Hydroquinone levels were measured after one and 24 hours. In two groups, rats were dosed orally with 6% hydroquinone or 6% hydroquinone in lithographic developer solution. In the seventh group, rats received the alkaline solution only. Hydroquinone measurement was made using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hydroquinone was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and subsequently distributed throughout the body. Nearly all hydroquinone was excreted in the urine as either a glucuronide or a sulfate (78-82%) within 24 hours. All rats administered 6% hydroquinone in non-alkaline vehicle died, but the mortality rate of rats administered 6% hydroquinone in lithographic developer solution was 60%. Tissue hydroquinone was lower at one hour and 24 hours after administration in lithographic developer solution than in equal dose of hydroquinone in non-alkaline vehicle suggesting decreased absorption in an alkaline pH. Hydroquinone was not associated with gross pathologic changes of the intestine but all animals treated with lithographic developer solution or alkaline solution had congestion, hemorrhagic petechiae and purple-brown discoloration throughout the small intestine. The combination of alkaline/formaldehyde diluent with hydroquinone may delay hydroquinone absorption but increase the risk of intestinal necrosis.
本研究的目的是确定含有对苯二酚的平版显影剂溶液的毒性是由对苯二酚还是碱性平版显影剂溶液引起的。将雄性Wistar大鼠分为七组。在四组中，给大鼠口服3%的对苯二酚或3%对苯二酚溶于3%平版显影剂溶液中。在1小时和24小时后测量对苯二酚水平。在两组中，给大鼠口服6%的对苯二酚或6%对苯二酚溶于平版显影剂溶液中。在第七组中，大鼠仅接受碱性溶液。使用气相色谱 - 质谱法进行对苯二酚测量。对苯二酚从胃肠道迅速吸收，随后分布于全身。几乎所有对苯二酚在24小时内以葡萄糖醛酸苷或硫酸盐的形式（78 - 82%）随尿液排出。所有用非碱性载体给予6%对苯二酚的大鼠死亡，但用平版显影剂溶液给予6%对苯二酚的大鼠死亡率为60%。在给予平版显影剂溶液后1小时和24小时，组织中的对苯二酚低于给予等量对苯二酚于非碱性载体中的情况，这表明在碱性pH条件下吸收减少。对苯二酚与肠道的大体病理变化无关，但所有用平版显影剂溶液或碱性溶液处理的动物在整个小肠均有充血、出血性瘀点和紫褐色变色。碱性/甲醛稀释剂与对苯二酚的组合可能会延迟对苯二酚的吸收，但会增加肠道坏死的风险。
