Poortmans J R
Institut supérieur d'éducatoin physique et de kinésithérapie, Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Nephrologie. 1995;16(4):317-24.
Exercise induces profound changes in the renal hemodynamics and protein excretion. Strenuous exercise provokes a major fall of the renal plasma flow and a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. Despite these changes, the filtration fraction doubles at maximal exercise preserving the transfer of metabolites or substances through the glomerulus. A higher production of vasopressin and aldosterone enhances the tubular processes of water and electrolyte reabsorption, stabilising therefore the homeostasis during exercise. Urea, uric acid and lactate reabsorption are also increased. Postexercise proteinuria is directly related to the intensity of exercise rather than to its duration. This transient state may be explained by an increased glomerular membrane permeability and a partial inhibition of tubular reabsorption of plasma proteins. Postexercise proteinuria appears to be age-dependent. Exercise has an additional effect on protein excretion in patients with nephropathies (diabetes, renal diseases, kidney transplants).
运动可引起肾脏血流动力学和蛋白质排泄的深刻变化。剧烈运动导致肾血浆流量大幅下降和肾小球滤过率降低。尽管有这些变化，但在最大运动量时滤过分数会加倍，从而保持代谢产物或物质通过肾小球的转运。血管加压素和醛固酮分泌增加，增强了肾小管对水和电解质的重吸收过程，从而在运动期间稳定体内平衡。尿素、尿酸和乳酸的重吸收也会增加。运动后蛋白尿与运动强度直接相关，而非运动持续时间。这种短暂状态可能是由于肾小球膜通透性增加和肾小管对血浆蛋白重吸收的部分抑制所致。运动后蛋白尿似乎与年龄有关。运动对肾病患者（糖尿病、肾脏疾病、肾移植）的蛋白质排泄有额外影响。
