DeLisa J A, Jain S S, Campagnolo D I, Kirshblum S C, Findley T
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2406, USA.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Jul-Aug;74(4):262-70. doi: 10.1097/00002060-199507000-00002.
To understand better how career choices are made by physiatrists, a 16-item, 7-page questionnaire was sent to all 1994 graduating physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) resident physicians in the United States. Of the 343 senior residents, 202 completed the questionnaire for a response rate of 59%. The questionnaire focused on the following areas: timing of the decision to enter PM&R; and how the medical school curriculum, certain groups of people, and certain specific factors influenced their choices. There were 130 factors modeled after the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) annual medical student questionnaire that the recipients were asked to grade on a numerical scale: 1 = unimportant to 5 = very important. Of the graduating residents, 60.1% (119/198) made the decision to enter PM&R in their 3rd or 4th yr of medical school, 13.1% (26/198) in the first 2 yr, and 11.1% (22/198) after starting another residency. The five factors ranked most important in the decision were (mean rank score): sufficient time/flexibility for family obligations (4.60); opportunity to make a difference in peoples lives (4.57); interest in helping people (4.55); types of patient problems encountered (4.50); and consistency with personality (4.49). We also obtained the AAMC's 1993 annual data on medical students choosing PM&R. Their top five factors were the same as those listed by the graduating residents, but in a slightly different rank order. Profiles have also been derived on those graduating PM&R residents who chose an academic career (n = 68) v nonacademic (n = 133) and fellowship (n = 34) v nonfellowship (n = 163).
为了更好地了解物理医学与康复医师是如何做出职业选择的，一份包含16个问题、7页的调查问卷被发送给了美国所有1994名即将毕业的物理医学与康复（PM&R）住院医师。在343名高年级住院医师中，202人完成了问卷，回复率为59%。该问卷聚焦于以下方面：决定进入物理医学与康复领域的时间；医学院课程、特定人群以及特定因素是如何影响他们的选择的。问卷中有130个因素是仿照美国医学院协会（AAMC）年度医学生调查问卷设计的，要求受访者按照数字量表进行评分：1 = 不重要至5 = 非常重要。在即将毕业的住院医师中，60.1%（119/198）在医学院的第三年或第四年决定进入物理医学与康复领域，13.1%（26/198）在前两年做出决定，11.1%（22/198）是在开始另一项住院医师培训之后。在做出决定时排名最重要的五个因素（平均排名得分）分别是：有足够时间/灵活性兼顾家庭责任（4.60）；有机会改变人们的生活（4.57）；帮助他人的兴趣（4.55）；遇到的患者问题类型（4.50）；与个性相符（4.49）。我们还获取了AAMC 1993年关于选择物理医学与康复专业的医学生的年度数据。他们最重要的五个因素与即将毕业的住院医师列出的因素相同，但排名顺序略有不同。我们还得出了选择学术职业（n = 68）与非学术职业（n = 133）以及选择参加专科培训（n = 34）与不参加专科培训（n = 163）的即将毕业的物理医学与康复住院医师的概况。
