Reinhard M, Eberhardt E
BSD Hessen des DRK, Institut Kassel.
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 1995 Jun;30(4):240-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996483.
On April 23rd 1895, in Berlin, Alfred Kirstein performed the first direct examination of the interior of the larynx. 23 days after his first view of larynx, he gave a comprehensive demonstration of autoscopy to the Berlin Medical Association. Until then laryngologists had been content with the technique of indirect laryngoscopy using mirrors, a method popularised by Garcia, Türck and Czermak. Kirstein named the combination of the electroscope and the oesophagoscope "The autoscope" and direct examination of the larynx he termed "autoscopy". Despite the infancy of autoscopy and the autoscope, Kirstein already recognised the potential of his new discovery. He reported that the removal of foreign bodies from the trachea must be easier through an autoscope then by means of a tracheostomy; furthermore, catheterisation of the bronchi should now present no great difficulties. The similarity between the blades he used and those described in the 1940s by Macintosh and Miller is remarkable.
1895年4月23日，在柏林，阿尔弗雷德·基尔施泰因首次对喉部内部进行了直接检查。在他首次观察喉部23天后，他向柏林医学协会全面展示了自窥镜检查法。在此之前，喉科医生一直满足于使用镜子进行间接喉镜检查的技术，这种方法由加西亚、图尔克和策尔马克推广开来。基尔施泰因将电镜和食管镜的组合命名为“自窥镜”，而将对喉部的直接检查称为“自窥镜检查法”。尽管自窥镜检查法和自窥镜尚处于初期阶段，但基尔施泰因已经认识到了他这一新发现的潜力。他报告称，通过自窥镜从气管中取出异物肯定比通过气管切开术更容易；此外，现在进行支气管插管应该也不会有太大困难。他所使用的刀片与20世纪40年代麦金托什和米勒所描述的刀片之间的相似之处非常显著。
