Upton J, Coombs C
Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Hand Clin. 1995 May;11(2):307-37.
Tumors with a vascular component are the most common masses seen in children. Malformations and hemangiomas predominate. Hemangiomas have a biphasic natural history consisting of initial proliferation followed by spontaneous involution; these tumors rarely require surgical intervention. Malformations present at birth or shortly after birth and have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations depending upon their predominant cell type and rheology. Physical examination and MR imaging will effectively define most of these anomalies. Surgery is reserved for very symptomatic lesions and is effective in all but the fast-flow, Type C group of malformations. Glomus tumors, pyogenic granulomas and both traumatic and iatrogenic aneurysms are also seen in the pediatric age group. All are benign and effectively treated surgically. Malignant vascular tumors are rare in this age group.
具有血管成分的肿瘤是儿童中最常见的肿块。畸形和血管瘤占主导。血管瘤有双相自然病程，包括最初的增殖期，随后是自发消退期；这些肿瘤很少需要手术干预。畸形在出生时或出生后不久出现，根据其主要细胞类型和血流动力学有广泛的临床表现。体格检查和磁共振成像将有效地明确大多数此类异常。手术仅适用于症状非常明显的病变，对除快速血流的C型畸形外的所有畸形均有效。在儿童年龄组中也可见到血管球瘤、化脓性肉芽肿以及外伤性和医源性动脉瘤。所有这些都是良性的，通过手术可有效治疗。该年龄组的恶性血管肿瘤很少见。
