Luukinen H, Koski K, Honkanen R, Kivelä S L
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995 Aug;43(8):871-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb05529.x.
To describe the incidence and associated factors of injury-causing falls by place of residence.
A prospective population-based study.
Five municipalities in northern Finland.
All persons in the five communities aged 70 years or older living at home (n = 1016) and in long-term institutionalized care (n = 143).
We recorded all fall incidents during a 2-year period by occurrence and severity of injury, using diary reporting and regular calls and by examining the medical and nursing records of all participants. The times, places, circumstances, and medical treatment needed were recorded as well.
Men living at home experienced 71 minor injuries/1000 person years (PY), 42 major soft tissue injuries/1000PY, and 12 fractures/1000PY; women at home experienced 175 minor injuries/1000PY, 65 major soft tissue injuries/1000PY, and 33 fractures/1000PY. Institutionalized older men had 272 minor injuries/1000PY, 122 major soft tissue injuries/1000PY, and 41 fractures/1000PY; institutionalized women had 292 minor injuries/1000PY, 131 major soft tissue injuries/1000PY, and 58 fractures/1000PY. Falls causing injury to older adults in long-term institutionalized care were more evenly distributed by time of day than those that occurred at home. The majority of the injuries sustained in long-term institutionalized care were injuries to the head. The incidence rate of fall injuries requiring medical attention in women, 113/1000PY, was twice that in men, 57/1000PY.
Injury-causing falls are more frequent in older people living in long-term institutionalized care, and the time-distribution and some circumstances differ from those of injury-causing falls in home-dwelling older people.
按居住地描述导致受伤的跌倒的发生率及相关因素。
一项基于人群的前瞻性研究。
芬兰北部的五个直辖市。
五个社区中所有年龄在70岁及以上的居家老人（n = 1016）和长期机构护理老人（n = 143）。
我们通过日记报告、定期电话随访以及查阅所有参与者的医疗和护理记录，在两年期间记录了所有跌倒事件的发生情况及受伤严重程度。同时记录了跌倒的时间、地点、情况以及所需的医疗救治。
居家男性每1000人年发生71起轻伤、42起严重软组织损伤和12起骨折；居家女性每1000人年发生175起轻伤、65起严重软组织损伤和33起骨折。机构护理的老年男性每1000人年发生272起轻伤、122起严重软组织损伤和41起骨折；机构护理的老年女性每1000人年发生292起轻伤、131起严重软组织损伤和58起骨折。与居家发生的跌倒相比，长期机构护理中导致老年人受伤的跌倒在一天中的时间分布更为均匀。长期机构护理中遭受的损伤大多数是头部损伤。需要医疗关注的跌倒损伤发生率在女性中为113/1000人年，是男性（57/1000人年）的两倍。
长期机构护理的老年人中导致受伤的跌倒更为频繁，其时间分布和一些情况与居家老年人导致受伤的跌倒有所不同。
