Dooley D, Catalano R, Wilson G
School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine 29717, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 1994 Dec;22(6):745-65. doi: 10.1007/BF02521557.
Studies that have found an association between unemployment and psychological depression often fail to establish the direction of causal influence. Analyses of Epidemiologic Catchment Area panel data revealed that of employed respondents not diagnosed with major depression at first interview, those who became unemployed had over twice the risk of increased depressive symptoms and of becoming clinically depressed as those who continued employed. Although the increase in symptoms was statistically significant, the effect on clinical depression was not, possibly because of the low power of the test. The reverse causal path from clinical depression at Time 1 to becoming unemployed by Time 2 was not supported. The unemployment rate in the respondent's community at time of interview was not related directly to psychological depression but appeared associated indirectly with depression via its impact on the risk of becoming unemployed. Implications for policy and further research were discussed.
那些发现失业与心理抑郁之间存在关联的研究往往未能确定因果影响的方向。对流行病学集水区面板数据的分析显示，在首次访谈时未被诊断出患有重度抑郁症的在职受访者中，那些后来失业的人出现抑郁症状加重以及临床抑郁的风险是那些继续就业者的两倍多。虽然症状的增加在统计学上具有显著性，但对临床抑郁的影响却不显著，这可能是由于检验效能较低。从第一次访谈时的临床抑郁到第二次访谈时失业的反向因果路径未得到支持。访谈时受访者所在社区的失业率与心理抑郁没有直接关系，但通过其对失业风险的影响，似乎与抑郁存在间接关联。文中还讨论了对政策和进一步研究的启示。
