Wilson T D, Hodges S D, LaFleur S J
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903-2477, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Jul;69(1):16-28. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.69.1.16.
Previous research has shown that analyzing reasons can change people's attitudes, but the exact mechanisms of this effect have not been entirely clear. It was hypothesized that introspecting about reasons focuses people's attention on thoughts that are accessible in memory and increases the extent to which people view their accessible thoughts as applicable to their current attitudes. In Study 1, college students formed initial impressions of a target person, and then positive or negative thoughts about the target person were made memorable. After a delay, half of the participants analyzed reasons for their attitude and half recalled the target person's behaviors. As predicted, people who analyzed reasons reported attitudes toward the target person that were based more on what they could recall about her. Study 2 showed that this effect occurs regardless of whether people initially form an online impression. Implications for the effects of analyzing reasons and for attitude formation are discussed.
先前的研究表明，分析原因可以改变人们的态度，但这种效应的确切机制尚未完全明确。据推测，内省原因会使人们将注意力集中在记忆中可及的想法上，并增加人们将其可及想法视为适用于当前态度的程度。在研究1中，大学生对一个目标人物形成初步印象，然后让关于该目标人物的积极或消极想法变得易于记忆。延迟一段时间后，一半的参与者分析他们态度的原因，另一半回忆目标人物的行为。正如预测的那样，分析原因的人报告的对目标人物的态度更多地基于他们对她能回忆起的内容。研究2表明，无论人们最初是否形成在线印象，这种效应都会发生。文中讨论了分析原因的影响以及态度形成的相关问题。
