Beaumont J J, Goldsmith D F, Morrin L A, Schenker M B
University of California Agricultural Health and Safety Center, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Davis, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 1995 Feb;37(2):160-9. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199502000-00015.
The long-term mortality experience of California agricultural workers who filed workers' compensation claims for respiratory diseases, pesticide illnesses, and injuries between 1946 and 1975 was observed until 1991 and compared to U.S. death rates. The respiratory disease claimants had an elevated relative risk of 3.27 (95% CI 2.09-4.86) for mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases (NMRD). Emphysema mortality was particularly high, with a relative risk of 5.94 (95% CI 2.56-11.70). NMRD mortality peaked 5 to 9 years after the claims were filed (relative risk 9.83, 95% CI 4.47-18.57) and was most strongly associated with exposure to wood, rice, coffee, and flour dusts. Among the pesticide illness claimants, mortality from heart disease was slightly elevated in the subcohort with systemic pesticide illness (SMR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.86-1.94). Among the injury claimants, risk was increased for motor vehicle deaths (relative risk 1.62, 95% CI 0.74-3.08). It was concluded that respiratory disease claimants in agriculture have a significantly elevated risk of mortality from respiratory diseases and that the risk is highest (10-fold) 5-9 years after claims are filed.
对1946年至1975年间因呼吸系统疾病、农药中毒和工伤提出工人赔偿申请的加利福尼亚农业工人的长期死亡率情况进行了观察，直至1991年，并与美国死亡率进行了比较。呼吸系统疾病索赔者因非恶性呼吸系统疾病（NMRD）死亡的相对风险升高至3.27（95%置信区间2.09 - 4.86）。肺气肿死亡率尤其高，相对风险为5.94（95%置信区间2.56 - 11.70）。NMRD死亡率在提出索赔后的5至9年达到峰值（相对风险9.83，95%置信区间4.47 - 18.57），并且与接触木材、大米、咖啡和面粉粉尘的关联最为强烈。在农药中毒索赔者中，患有全身性农药中毒的亚组中心脏病死亡率略有升高（标准化死亡比=1.32，95%置信区间0.86 - 1.94）。在工伤索赔者中，机动车死亡风险增加（相对风险1.62，95%置信区间0.74 - 3.08）。研究得出结论，农业中的呼吸系统疾病索赔者因呼吸系统疾病死亡的风险显著升高，且在提出索赔后的5 - 9年风险最高（达10倍）。
