Kennedy M B, Scarlett M I, Duerr A C, Chu S Y
National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 1995 May-Aug;50(3-4):103-7.
Data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk faced by women who have sex with women (WSW) are scarce. The biologic risk of female-to-female transmission is not known. Several surveys have reported that certain groups of WSW engage in behaviors that put them at risk for HIV infection, such as unprotected sex with men, unprotected sex or sharing of sex toys with women, and injection drug use. WSW may also be at risk for HIV through use of unscreened semen from sources other than sperm banks. An evaluation of HIV risk behaviors among WSW has been hampered by methodological issues, such as lack of data about the extent of the population, the use of standard definitions in research, and the design of data collection instruments. HIV prevention efforts have been hampered by communication issues, such as what "safer sex" means to this population and difficulties in interactions with health care providers. Prevention interventions for this population must address behaviors that put WSW at risk for HIV infection, including injection drug use and unprotected penile sex. At the same time, the possibility of sexual transmission of HIV via female-to-female sex should not be discounted. Health providers should understand that sexual identity does not necessarily predict sexual behavior and should not make any assumptions regarding HIV risk based on self-reported or presumed sexual identity.
关于与女性发生性行为的女性（WSW）面临的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）风险的数据匮乏。女性之间传播的生物学风险尚不清楚。几项调查报道，某些WSW群体的行为使她们面临HIV感染风险，如与男性进行无保护性行为、与女性进行无保护性行为或共用性玩具以及注射吸毒。通过使用精子库以外来源未经筛查的精液，WSW也可能面临HIV风险。对WSW中HIV风险行为的评估受到方法学问题的阻碍，如缺乏关于该人群范围的数据、研究中标准定义的使用以及数据收集工具的设计。HIV预防工作受到沟通问题的阻碍，如“安全性行为”对该人群意味着什么以及与医疗服务提供者互动存在困难。针对该人群的预防干预措施必须解决使WSW面临HIV感染风险的行为，包括注射吸毒和无保护的异性性行为。与此同时，不应忽视HIV通过女性之间性行为进行性传播的可能性。医疗服务提供者应明白，性身份不一定能预测性行为，不应基于自我报告或假定的性身份对HIV风险做出任何假设。
