Fox L J, Williamson N E, Cates W, Dallabetta G
Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 1995 May-Aug;50(3-4):129-36.
The International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in 1994 recommended that family planning (FP) services be expanded, with more attention given to the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although such integration of FP and STD services seems a natural union, historical, philosophical, and structural differences in the two fields pose obstacles to integration in many settings. This paper examines selected experiences with FP/STD integration in the United States and developing countries and reviews practical issues that have application to FP providers, STD prevention programs, and those in general practice. Priority areas for future research include: 1) the usefulness and uses of STD risk assessment in FP populations, 2) the relationship between STD/HIV transmission and use of various contraceptive methods, 3) the feasibility of getting high-risk individuals to use dual methods for pregnancy and STD prevention, and 4) the impact adding STD services will have on training requirements, clinic costs, and quality of care within established FP programs. As clinicians in public and private settings assume more comprehensive roles in the provision of both types of services, program managers can facilitate the process of FP and STD service integration by promoting a focus on meeting the client's reproductive health needs.
1994年在开罗召开的国际人口与发展会议建议扩大计划生育（FP）服务，更加关注性传播疾病（STD）的预防和治疗，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。尽管计划生育服务与性传播疾病服务的整合看似是自然的结合，但这两个领域在历史、理念和结构上的差异在许多情况下对整合构成了障碍。本文考察了美国和发展中国家在计划生育/性传播疾病整合方面的一些经验，并审视了对计划生育服务提供者、性传播疾病预防项目以及普通从业者具有适用性的实际问题。未来研究的优先领域包括：1）性传播疾病风险评估在计划生育人群中的有用性及用途；2）性传播疾病/艾滋病毒传播与各种避孕方法使用之间的关系；3）让高危个体采用双重方法预防怀孕和性传播疾病的可行性；4）增加性传播疾病服务对既定计划生育项目的培训要求、诊所成本和护理质量的影响。随着公立和私立机构的临床医生在提供这两类服务方面承担更全面的职责，项目管理者可以通过推动关注满足客户的生殖健康需求来促进计划生育服务与性传播疾病服务的整合进程。
