McMullin E
Program in History and Philosophy of Science, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
J Med Philos. 1995 Jun;20(3):233-52. doi: 10.1093/jmp/20.3.233.
When trying to assess the implications of recent deep shifts in the philosophy of science for the broader arena of medicine, the theme that most readily comes to mind is underdetermination. In scientific research one always hopes for determination: that the world should determine the observations we make of it; that evidence should determine the theories we adopt; that the practice of science should determine results independent of the sort of society in which that practice takes place. In this essay, doubts cast on each of these ideas by recent work in philosophy of science will be discussed and the consequences for philosophy of medicine will be indicated.
在试图评估科学哲学中近期的深刻转变对更广泛医学领域的影响时，最容易想到的主题是“非充分决定性”。在科学研究中，人们总是希望有决定性：希望世界能决定我们对它所做的观察；希望证据能决定我们采纳的理论；希望科学实践能决定结果，而不受该实践所处社会类型的影响。在本文中，将讨论科学哲学近期研究对这些观点中的每一个所提出的质疑，并指出对医学哲学的影响。
