Heger W, Jung S J, Martin S, Peter H
Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Germany.
Chemosphere. 1995 Jul;31(2):2707-26. doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00127-t.
The relation of acute to prolonged toxicity of existing and new chemicals and active ingredients of numerous pesticides in the aquatic environment have been compared with their physico-chemical properties. The data had been presented to the authorities in behalf of the pesticide registrations, the notification of new chemicals or research projects. The ecotoxicity ratios are expressed as acute to prolonged ratios (APR). They are determined for fish and crustacea with existing and new chemicals and pesticides. In the case of the pesticides the data are subsummarized into fungicides, herbicides, insecticides. The variability of the APR is evaluated. According to the statistic evaluation of the data it must be summarized, that the toxic effects are often extremely specific and depend not only on the substance, but also on the aquatic species, the duration of the exposure, and the endpoint of the test. In general, a factor of 100 between the EC/LC50 of acute toxicity and NOEC of prolonged toxicity is scientifically justified. The data indicate that there is no significant correlation between lipophilic properties (logPow) or water solubility and toxicity in aquatic organisms. For that reason structure-activity relationships based on lipophilic properties of the substance cannot lead to reasonable results. It must be stated, that the prolonged ecotoxicity can not be exactly extrapolated from acute toxicity data on the basis of physico-chemical properties.
已将众多农药的现有及新化学物质和活性成分在水生环境中的急性毒性与长期毒性的关系与其物理化学性质进行了比较。这些数据已代表农药登记、新化学物质通报或研究项目提交给了相关当局。生态毒性比率以急性与长期比率（APR）表示。针对鱼类和甲壳类动物，用现有及新化学物质和农药测定了该比率。对于农药，数据被归纳为杀菌剂、除草剂、杀虫剂。对APR的变异性进行了评估。根据数据的统计评估，必须总结出，毒性效应往往极具特异性，不仅取决于物质，还取决于水生物种、暴露持续时间以及测试终点。一般来说，急性毒性的EC/LC50与长期毒性的无观测效应浓度（NOEC）之间相差100倍在科学上是合理的。数据表明，水生生物的亲脂性（logPow）或水溶性与毒性之间不存在显著相关性。因此，基于物质亲脂性的构效关系无法得出合理结果。必须指出，不能根据物理化学性质从急性毒性数据准确推断出长期生态毒性。
