Emlen S T
Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2702, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 29;92(18):8092-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.18.8092.
An evolutionary framework for viewing the formation, the stability, the organizational structure, and the social dynamics of biological families is developed. This framework is based upon three conceptual pillars: ecological constraints theory, inclusive fitness theory, and reproductive skew theory. I offer a set of 15 predictions pertaining to living within family groups. The logic of each is discussed, and empirical evidence from family-living vertebrates is summarized. I argue that knowledge of four basic parameters, (i) genetic relatedness, (ii) social dominance, (iii) the benefits of group living, and (iv) the probable success of independent reproduction, can explain many aspects of family life in birds and mammals. I suggest that this evolutionary perspective will provide insights into understanding human family systems as well.
本文构建了一个用于审视生物家庭的形成、稳定性、组织结构和社会动态的进化框架。该框架基于三个概念支柱：生态约束理论、广义适合度理论和生殖偏斜理论。我提出了一组与家庭群体生活相关的15个预测。阐述了每个预测的逻辑，并总结了来自家庭生活脊椎动物的实证证据。我认为，了解四个基本参数，即（i）遗传相关性、（ii）社会优势地位、（iii）群体生活的益处以及（iv）独立繁殖的可能成功率，可以解释鸟类和哺乳动物家庭生活的许多方面。我认为这种进化视角也将为理解人类家庭系统提供见解。
